Following the recently published findings of the Retirement Income Review, questions have been raised about the efficacy of keeping the Superannuation Guarantee (SG) at its current level of 9.5% rather than proceeding with legislated increases to 12.0% by 1 July 2025.
Arguments in favour of maintaining the 9.5% level include:
- the benefits of additional income for workers pre-retirement (effectively an increase in take-home pay)
- greater flexibility about whether to spend or save, and
- savings outside super need not be locked up until retirement.
The contra argument is that increased savings for retirement lead to a better outcome both for the individual retiree (increased retirement income) and for society (decreased reliance on the age pension). The original timeline for the rise in the SG has already been deferred, and now there is talk of deferring it further or even cancelling the increase altogether.
Is this just a form of ‘buy now, pay later’ for retirees?
Arguments on both sides have merit
More income now provides a direct benefit - today - to the individual. More income leads to increased spending, which will flow through and lift the whole economy. This is substantiated by evidence from the early release of super during the COVID epidemic. The early release scheme saw a massive uptake across a wide spectrum of age and income ranges. Over $35 billion was withdrawn from the superannuation system, with 3.4 million initial and 1.4 million repeat applications.
Clearly, a diverse section of the population wanted access to their super early, some for genuine hardship reasons, while for others it was a spending bonus. Evidence suggests that what was intended as a mechanism to ease financial hardship was embraced by many as a windfall to be spent conspicuously and on discretionary purchases including gambling, restaurants, furniture, alcohol and tobacco.
From a report by AlphaBeta:
“… early superannuation withdrawals have not been used as intended: of the 1.35 million) Australians who applied ((as at May 25, 2020) for early access to their superannuation, 40% actually saw no drop in their income during the COVID-19 crisis. Only 22% of super withdrawals was used on essentials, while 64% was spent on discretionary purchases including gambling (11%) and clothing (10%).”
This suggests that without constraints, a large section of the population would access their money now and would use it in a way which would not benefit their retirement.
This early release will have a lasting impact, with the long-term cost to the super system estimated at $100 billion or more[1], as those who took their money out early reach retirement.
Research from Industry Super Australia shows that the early release of super is expected to result in higher future pension costs for the government as well as reduced income in retirement. For a 30-year-old on a median income who takes the full early release entitlement of $20,000, the additional pension burden on the Government would be $50,000, while overall the individual would be $41,000 worse off in retirement.
No doubt, any reduction or deferral in the SG increase would be received favourably by many and it would be a popular move for the political party who instigates it.
The purpose of superannuation
However, this undermines the very foundation of our superannuation system, which institutes a rigid savings regime to ensure that all working Australians contribute towards funding their retirement.
It is easy to ignore the long-term consequences of taking money now rather than saving for later, because they are not immediately obvious. To many, the future value of money locked inside their super is not fully appreciated, whereas the value of money that is immediately accessible is obvious.
This means that the trade-off of ‘now’ for ‘later’ is not viewed as detrimental and long-lasting. The ultimate outcome of reduced levels of retirement income and increased reliance on top-ups from the government through the pension is an abstract concept and thus heavily discounted.
Australia has, by world standards, a top-tier retirement system. Reducing the level of future contributions risks diminishing it and diminishing the quality of life of retirees.
Improvements rather should focus on engaging with stakeholders, creating an environment where the value of retirement savings is better understood. This environment should foster the development of improved retirement products and services, provide better access to and delivery of advice, and focus on reducing complexity. This will ensure that Australia maintains or increases its standing as a leader in providing for a great retirement for its population.
Trading the benefit of future income for the ability to spend now is not the way to a better retirement system or a better outcome for retirees.
[1] Source: BetaShares modelling, as at August 2020, of the estimated future shortfall that will need to be funded by Australian governments, as those who have withdrawn super will be less able to fully fund their own retirement needs. Modelling assumes a long-term return profile of CPI+5% p.a.
Dr Roger Cohen is the Senior Investment Specialist at leading ETF provider, BetaShares, a sponsor of Firstlinks. This article is not financial advice. It is for general information only and does not consider the circumstances of any investor.
For more articles and papers from BetaShares, please click here.